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Методы системной фонологии Система определяется как совокупность элементов, имеющих общую связь, которая является системообразующим фактором. В нашем случае инвентарная фонологическая система представляет собой набор фонем данного языка, имеющих общую связь по признаку «наличие (экзистенция) в данном языке». Структура системы образуется благодаря существованию между элементами частных связей и оппозиций, организующих её внутреннюю иерархию, состоящую из подсистем и мини-систем (т. е. систем, состоящих из двух элементов). Поэтому именно определение всех частных связей и оппозиций является задачей исследования в системной фонологии как путь, ведущий к определению внутренней структуры фонологической системы . Мы определим его как метод структурного анализа. Важно отметить, что в системной фонологии особое значение придаётся определению естественных подсистем, то есть подсистем, которые объединяют все без исключения элементы, имеющие данную связь. Именно такой подход позволяет определить реальную, неискажённую структуру системы. Обратившись для сравнения к анализу, принятому в функциональной фонологии, мы заметим, что там результатом анализа считается описание множества искусственных мини-систем, что может быть полезно для определённых выводов, однако не отражает реального положения вещей . 3 Vassilyev V. A. E glish Pho e ics. A heore ical course. M.: Higher School Publishi g House, 1970. С. 70, перевод М. В. Черноглазовой. Ещё одно важное замечание касается типов исследуемых отношений, а именно их группового или индивидуального характера. | |
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