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Применение норм права Толкование Конституции можно рассматривать и применительно к ее жесткости и мягкости. По всей видимости, использование толкования может явиться альтернативой жесткости Конституции. Например, несмотря на чрезвычайно сложную процедуру принятия поправок к Конституции Бельгии (в течение 150 лет, прошедших со времен ее принятия, было лишь 3 поправки (1892 – 93 гг., 1919 – 21гг., 1956-68 гг.). Суды Бельгии, как правило, стараются избегать проверки конституционности законов, осуществляя лишь их толкование, как это закреплено в Конституции. Для конституционного права интерпретация конституции имеет решающие значение, так как в результате открытости и широты конституции проблемы интерпретации возникают здесь чаще, чем в тех правовых областях, где нормирование более детализировано. Одним из аспектов необходимости толкования Конституции является защита прав граждан. Американская традиция рассматривает саму писанную конституцию как суверена. И весьма консервативно относится к изменению конституции. Ее толкование приобрело важное значение, т.к. оно стоит на защите прав граждан в условиях меняющейся действительности. К примеру, путем толкования Конституция в середине 19 века стала на правах белых американцев, создав законы дискриминирующие негров (Jim Crow Laws). | |
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